Figure 1.

A: Full length CTGF contains 4 modules: insulin-like growth factor binding protein-like (IGFBP), von Willebrand factor type-C repeat (VWF), thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSP-1) and C-terminal cystine knot (cys-knot). Arrows indicate potential cleavage sites. B: Ileal carcinoid tissue immunostained with antibodies to CTGF (A), α-SMA (B) and CD31/CD34 (C) identifies vascular endothelial cells demonstrating typical tumour cell IR for CTGF and stromal expression of α-SMA detected both in myofibroblasts and in vascular smooth muscle cells.