Figure 1.

Vicious cycle of FIBROSIS. Innate immune signaling alters self-limited repair into sustained fibrogenic process. Following injury, fibroblasts undergo a regulated activation. Once repair has been accomplished, tissue regeneration is complete. Prolonged injury leads to damage, causes activation of toll like receptors and sustained fibroblast activation culminating in excessive fibrogenesis.

Bhattacharyya et al. Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair 2012 5(Suppl 1):S18   doi:10.1186/1755-1536-5-S1-S18