Figure 1.

Microscopical analysis of apoptosis in cells stained with rhodamine. Fluorescent microscopy images of (a) human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and (b) HaCaT cells stained with rhodamine, which had been incubated with DDs treated with either normal medium (NM) with infusion solution or ZA 1 or 5 μM (shown as red fluorescence at the right of the image) and then either left unchelated (top rows) or exposed to EDTA 0.001% (chelated) (bottom rows). Images show the aggregation and breakdown of cells, both indicators of apoptosis, after exposure to DDs treated with ZA for 24 h and chelated. Cells were observed over 24 hours with images taken at 24 hours (original magnification ×400).